Gluteus Maximus

Origin: Posterior ilium (the large bone of the pelvis), sacrum, and coccyx (tailbone).

Insertion: Gluteal tuberosity of the femur (the large bone of the thigh).

Action: The gluteus maximus is the primary hip extensor, responsible for activities like standing up from a seated position, walking, and climbing stairs.

Gluteus Medius

Origin: Outer surface of the ilium.

Insertion: Greater trochanter of the femur.

Action: The gluteus medius is involved in hip abduction, moving the leg away from the midline of the body. It also helps to stabilize the pelvis during single-leg support, such as during walking or running.

Gluteus Minimus

Origin: Outer surface of the ilium.

Insertion: Anterior surface of the greater trochanter of the femur.

Action: The gluteus minimus assists in hip abduction and internal rotation, contributing to the overall stability and movement of the hip joint.

Tensor Fasciae Latae (TFL)

Origin: Anterior iliac crest (front part of the hip bone).

Insertion: Iliotibial tract (a thick band of connective tissue that runs down the outside of the thigh).

Action: The TFL assists in hip flexion, medial rotation, and abduction. It also plays a role in stabilizing the knee during walking and running.

Iliopsoas

This is a combination of two muscles:

Iliacus:

Origin: Iliac fossa (a concave surface on the inside of the hip bone).

Insertion: Lesser trochanter of the femur.

Action: The iliacus muscle is a powerful hip flexor, bringing the thigh toward the abdomen.

Psoas Major:

Origin: Transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae (lower back).

Insertion: Lesser trochanter of the femur.

Action: The psoas major works with the iliacus to flex the hip joint and play a role in maintaining good posture.