Upper Arm Muscles

Biceps Brachii

Origin: Long head originates from the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula. Short head originates from the coracoid process of the scapula.

Insertion: Radial tuberosity of the radius and the bicipital aponeurosis (also known as the biceps tendon) into the deep fascia on the medial side of the forearm.

Action: The biceps brachii is responsible for elbow flexion (bending the elbow) and supination of the forearm (turning the palm upward).

Brachialis

Origin: Anterior surface of the distal half of the humerus.

Insertion: Coronoid process of the ulna.

Action: The brachialis is the primary elbow flexor, working along with the biceps brachii.

Triceps Brachii

Origin: Long head originates from the infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula. Lateral head originates from the posterior humerus, above the radial groove. Medial head originates from the posterior humerus, below the radial groove.

Insertion: Olecranon process of the ulna.

Action: The triceps brachii is the primary elbow extensor (straightening the elbow) and is also involved in shoulder extension.

Coracobrachialis

Origin: Coracoid process of the scapula.

Insertion: Middle third of the medial surface of the humerus.

Action: The coracobrachialis assists in shoulder flexion and adduction, as well as in stabilizing the shoulder joint.

Deltoid

Origin: Clavicle, acromion, and spine of the scapula.

Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus.

Action: The deltoid muscle is responsible for shoulder abduction when the arm is moved away from the body, as well as flexion and extension.

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